March 12,538 – Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ended his siege of Rome and retreated to Ravenna, leaving the city in the hands of the victorious Roman general, Belisarius. 604 Pope Gregory I died. Saint Gregory was the foremost influence in shaping the medieval papacy, drawing on Augustine's City of God for his theological foundation. Strongly involved with monasticism, Gregory also reformed the mass, which enabled the development of Gregorian Chant. 1088 Pope Urban II elected.
Urban continued the ecclesiastical reforms begun by his predecessor Gregory VII and strengthened the papacy as a political entity. He is perhaps best known for beginning the Crusade movement.
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