1187 Sultan Saladin captured
Jerusalem, which brought about the Third Crusade.
1263 The Battle of Largs was
fought between Norwegians and Scots. It was the most important military
engagement of the Scottish-Norwegian War. The Norwegian forces were led by King
Håkon Håkonsson and the Scottish forces by King Alexander III. The result was
inconclusive, but in the long term favored the Scots.
1264 Pope Urban IV died.
His brief pontificate was largely occupied with his attempts to restore papal
power in Italy.
1452 King Richard III of England was born.
1492 King Henry VII
of England invaded France. This act of war was a bluff by Henry, as he had no
intention of fighting over the winter. However, as France became more concerned
with the Italian Wars, the French were happy to agree to the Treaty of Etaples.
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