404 BC Athens surrendered to Sparta, ending the Peloponesian War.
32 Emperor Otho was born.
799 Pope Leo III was attacked during a procession in Rome due, in part, for recognizing Charlemagne as patricius of the Romans, which upset the delicate balance between the Byzantines and the west that his predecessor had established. He fled to Charlemagne, who escorted the Pope safely back to Rome where he oversaw a commission that vindicated Leo and deported his enemies. Leo would later crown Charlemagne the first Holy Roman Emperor.
1214 King Louis IX of France was born.
1284 King Edward II of England was born.
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