July 13,
1099 The Crusaders launched their final assault on Jerusalem.
1174 William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173–1174, was
captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
1568 the Dean of St
Paul's Cathedral perfected a way to bottle beer.
June
21
217 BC Carthaginian forces led by Hannibal destroyed a Roman army under
Consul Gaius Flaminicy in a battle at Lake Trasimenus in central Italy.
1314 The Scots, under Robert the Bruce, defeated Edward II's army at
Bannockburn.
1675 Christopher Wren started the
rebuilding St. Paul's Cathedral in London after the Great Fire.
December 2
537 Pope Saint Silverius
died. When Silverius refused to restore Anthimus as Patriarch of
Constantinople, Empress Theodora ordered him deposed. He was banished and died
on the island of Palmaria, allegedly murdered or starved to death.
1409
The
University of Leipzig was founded by Frederick I, Elector of Saxony and his
brother William II, Margrave of Meissen, and originally comprised four
faculties. Since its inception the university has enjoyed over 600 years of
uninterrupted teaching and research.
1697 St Paul's Cathedral opened in London.
