Showing posts with label underwater. Show all posts
Showing posts with label underwater. Show all posts

Wednesday, March 28, 2018

Underwater Archaeologists Discover Submerged Ruins off the Coast of Naples


Ancient Origins


Back in September 2017, underwater archaeologists met a decade-long goal in discovering the submerged ruins of the port of Neapolis. Now, they have identified the location of the port which preceded it, Palepolis, a site the Greeks wrested from the Etruscans some 3000 years ago. Today, Palepolis is known as Naples.

ANSA reports researchers have identified the submerged ruins of Palepolis near the Castel dell'Ovo in Naples. To date, underwater archaeologists have discovered four tunnels, a defense trench probably used by soldiers, and a street still marked by the carts which passed over it so long ago. The Local says exploration will continue under the waves until May 2018.


One of the submerged tunnels. (Elisa Manacorda/Reptv)

 Mario Negri of the International University of Languages and Media (IULM) in Milan, the organization which funded the research, says “It's a discovery that opens up a new scenario for reconstructing the ancient structure of Palepolis.”

 However, Negri seems somewhat hesitant in declaring too much too soon, because he has also said that the ruins, “could – I stress, could – be the archeological traces of Naples' first port, which means we are right at the founding moment of this extraordinary city.”

Others are looking to future possibilities, such as Luciano Garella, who directs Naples’ institution in charge of archaeological heritage, who sees an exciting option on the horizon, “We'll have to explore a different type of tourism – underwater tourism,” he said.

But what made Palepolis special? What’s its history?

 Comune.napoli.it states that the earliest settlements in the area date back some 3000 years, “when “Anatolian and Achaean merchants and travellers arrived in the gulf on their way to the mineral lands of the high Tyrrhene.” They founded Parthenope, a small harbor which gradually expanded through business, but was consistently in the midst of battles between the Etruscans and Greeks.


Etruscan warrior, found near Viterbo, Italy, dated c. 500 BC. (CC BY SA 3.0)

 The Greeks eventually conquered the port and renamed it Palepolis in about 474 BC. Soon after, Palepolis was outshined by a new city, Neapolis, which was built by the Greeks to the south.

 As Archaeology points out, patrician villas became the main focus of Palepolis by the time the Romans took control. The town had been transformed into something of a suburb for Neapolis; a location where residents had some peace and quiet without setting themselves too far from the bustling city.

 The submerged ruins of Neapolis were only discovered in September 2017.The underwater component of the city stretches over 20 hectares (almost 50 acres). As some of Neapolis’ ruins remain aboveground, underwater archaeologists had been searching the region for the last seven years in hope of finding the submerged counterpart. Neapolis was partially submerged by a tsunami on July 21 in 365 AD, a natural disaster that also damaged Alexandria in Egypt and Greece’s island of Crete.


Underwater archaeologists have discovered monuments, streets, and about 100 tanks that were used in the production of a fermented fish condiment known as garum at Neapolis. Mounir Fantar, the head of a Tunisian-Italian archaeological mission said: “This discovery has allowed us to establish with certainty that Neapolis was a major center for the manufacture of garum and salt fish, probably the largest center in the Roman world. Probably the notables of Neapolis owed their fortune to garum.”

Today, visitors interested in the earliest days of Palepolis, and pre-Palepolis times, can find remnants of a necropolis dating back to when the settlement was known as Parthenope and a few indications left of a Roman villa built by a nobleman named Lucullo. For the most part, Comune.napoli.it says Palepolis has been overtaken by later building projects, such as “Castel dell'Ovo on the isle of Megaride, and by luxury housing, hotels and shops.”


Castel dell'Ovo, Naples. (Public Domain)

Top Image: Ruins of the ancient submerged port of Palepolis off the coast of Naples. Source: Elisa Manacorda/Reptv

By Alicia McDermott

Saturday, July 8, 2017

Atlantis Unearthed – Do Surprising Underwater Scans Show Lost Architecture on the Sea Floor?

Ancient Origins


In his poems of the Iliad, the Greek Philosopher Homer introduces us to the mythical city of Troy, which remained a curiosity to many until the late 1870s when Heinrich Schliemann, on a hunch, began excavating the remains of an ancient city in Turkey. Although he was an amateur archaeologist and his methods were considered somewhat outlandish, Schliemann would evidentially find Troy and confirm its place in history.

Most historians consider Plato’s description of Atlantis, written in Timaeus, was simple story-telling as told to him by Solon, an Athenian traveler, and not a true place in Earth’s historic past. And yet, on closer inspection, we learn that Solon had heard about Atlantis from Egyptian priests who described the true antiquity of Earth and civilizations that had come and gone in the distant past.


Athanasius Kircher's map of Atlantis from Mundus Subterraneus (1669) drawn with south at the top. (Public Domain)

Advanced Ancient Society
Down through the ages, Atlantis has captured the imaginations of countless authors and investigators, and today is considered a fable and described in negative or pseudo-scientific terms by conventional scientists. But dismissing Atlantis is a mistake, and the evidence of very old and highly advanced people in the Americas and other parts of the world are important to consider.

 It’s difficult for us to imagine a great culture which existed over 10,000 years ago and the contributions they might have made to the world, and yet for those who live in or have visited Mexico, they know there are countless examples of very old, anomalous buildings and pyramid complexes constructed with an engineering prowess that is lost in time; the Maya are a classic example. Although we know very little of their history, their mathematics, engineering, and other sciences were highly advanced, without obviously known periods of development. It’s as if they appeared magically complete, with all their advances and characteristics of a complex society in place from day one.

Because of the tragic destruction of hundreds of Maya codices, technical manuals and records of their history, we are left to wonder at the evolution of this fascinating culture.

The Sleeping Prophet – Edgar Cayce
As the host of the popular podcast Earth Ancients, a program that investigates Earth’s ancient history, I’ve been fortunate to interview many of today’s most gifted authors, researchers, investigators, and scientists. Atlantis has been a theme covered on numerous occasions, as well as its probable influence on other cultures around the world. Invariably when the subject of Atlantis is broached, and the great psychic Edgar Cayce comes up for discussion.


Edgar Cayce in October 1910, when this photograph appeared on the front page of The New York Times. (Public Domain)

Known to many as the Sleeping Prophet, Cayce was an American trans-channel, who in the 1920s to 1940s claimed to be able to access a level of consciousness which could view the lives of an individual through their many incarnations on earth. In these readings, Cayce was said to travel to a certain lifetime and describe traumas, injuries or other conditions which were affecting the wellness of a person in the present time. Hundreds of these readings were said to have occurred during a period when the continent of Atlantis was in the Atlantic Ocean. During the readings, Cayce also described a highly advanced technology which was developed around piezoelectric science and that powered flying machines, land and submarine craft, as well as a variety of devices and weapons. 

When asked about the location of Atlantis, Cayce described it as having had three distinct periods: 100,000+ years, 28,000 years, and roughly 12,000 years ago—each phase of land change resulting from terrible earthquakes and land shifts. He said one of the great cities of Atlantis, Poseidia, was positioned in the Caribbean Ocean, in what is present day Bimini Islands. In 1940, Cayce predicted that Poseidia would re-emerge again in the late 1960s, complete with its temples and other buildings.

During his lifetime, Cayce and his followers built an organization around his readings which included a hospital. Association for Research and Enlightenment (ARE) was formed to house the thousands of hours of readings, develop numerous health remedies, and to provide an institution for higher learning. Over the years, a number of people have searched for the remains of Atlantis only to fall short in their expectations.

 Following the Underwater Trail
In 1998 and again in 2007, ARE funded underwater research on target areas which had been discovered using the latest satellite and airplane imagery. Following the path of the immense Bimini wall, a massive series of underwater stones which formed a road that may have been part of an ancient harbor, archaeologist William Donato, with Michael Pateman and a team of sonar scanning technicians, made a startling discovery.

On the Target 1 sonar imagery, at approximately 130 feet (40 meters) underwater, what seems to be a series of buildings were visible that are similar to those found in the Yucatan Peninsula. One series (pictured in never-before-published images below), is similar in style to the Puuc Maya pyramid complexes found on the Gulf of Mexico side of the Peninsula. When side-scanning sonar results are introduced, we can see the complete front facade of a series of buildings, including staircases, doorways, and columns.


Underwater scanned image of structures off the coast of Bimini. (Image provided by William Donato).

When I interviewed William Donato, he mentioned that at the time that he was surprised at the style of the pyramids in the color scans, as well as its similarity to Maya-style complexes. Further investigation would be ideal, but because of funding issues and the great expense of using underwater scanning equipment, follow-up dives have not taken place.


Building complex similar to Maya buildings in Yucatan Mexico. Image scanned at approximately 130 feet under the ocean off the coast of Bimini. (Image provided by William Donato).

Civilizations Destroyed
Some people might suggest that these are Maya cities and that there never was an Atlantis. The issue with this theory is that these buildings are deep under water—in some places over 300 feet (91 meters) deep—which could suggest rising water levels. Scientists now understand that following the end of the last ice age (the Pleistocene epoch), Earth encountered a traumatic event approximately 12,000 years ago, when a series of asteroids bombarded our planet and changed surface features, elevated the surface temperature, and destroyed a vast number of civilizations and animals. This event is now called the Younger Dryas period and is considered by many to be a cause for the rise of the world’s oceans. If we compare this event with Cayce’s description of the destruction of Atlantis, the two are eerily similar.


Puuc-style architecture of the Maya: ruins of the Palace of Sayil, Yucatan. (Rose Vekony/CC BY-SA 3.0)

The destruction of Atlantis and civilizations of planet Earth may have been caused by devastating land changes that caused huge areas to be submerged, massive tsunamis to cover land, and flooding to deluge large portions of the planet.

 Surprising Connection to the Maya
For me, it does provide compelling evidence that the Maya may have been the descendants of a scientifically robust civilization that suddenly vanished. When I see the underwater scans of Bimini I’m reminded of the building complexes I’ve visited in Yucatan and other regions of Mexico. There’s something about the construction that appears to be lost in time, and it would explain why there is no early developmental period of the Maya that we find today. Their science, engineering, construction techniques, medicine, mathematics and so much more were inherited from a mother culture formed after thousands of years of research and development.


Side sonar scan off the coast of Bimini at 130 feet under the water. This color image reveals the staircases, doors, and the roof of a pyramid complex. (Image provided by William Donato and ARE)


Side sonar scan of a pyramid complex off the Bimini coast. Depth is over 100 feet. (Images provided by William Donato and ARE).

 To this day, it’s my belief and conviction that our best link to the ancient past is within the Maya civilization, and what they encoded for us in their buildings, artwork and other artifacts. I also believe that what some see and interpret as the Maya people (savage, bloodthirsty, warring people) were the surviving generations who struggled to begin again after the great deluge and earth change. The scientists, engineers, and great planners perished, leaving the few remaining people to kick-start civilization. We may be discovering this today at many Maya cities throughout Central America, as scientists excavating standing buildings have uncovered very early settlements and construction just below the surface. It’s also interesting to note that some of the earliest pyramid complexes are the most sophisticated, revealing an engineering and construction prowess that is lost in later years.

 Does this prove that Atlantis was real? You can be the judge of this possibility by listening to the podcast, “ Atlantis Unearthed ,” which aired June 17, 2017, on the Earth Ancients podcast. www.earthancients.com

 Cliff Dunning is host/producer the popular podcast, Earth Ancients : Startling new discoveries from our planet's distant past. His newest book, The Black Knight Satellite will be released in fall 2017. --

Top Image: Underwater World ( Public Domain ) and ruins of the Palace of Sayil, Yucatan. (Rose Vekony/ CC BY-SA 3.0 ); Deriv

By Cliff Dunning

Thursday, December 1, 2016

Archaeologists Uncover 9,000-Year-Old Underwater Stone Age Settlement

Ancient Origins


Six years ago, divers discovered the oldest known stationary fish traps in northern Europe off the coast of southern Sweden. Since then, researchers at Lund University in Sweden have uncovered an exceptionally well-preserved Stone Age site. They now believe the location was a lagoon environment where Mesolithic humans lived during parts of the year.




Stone Age fish straps. Source: Video screenshot / Lund University Other spectacular finds include a 9,000-year-old pick axe made out of elk antlers. The discoveries indicate mass fishing and therefore a semi-permanent settlement. "As geologists, we want to recreate this area and understand how it looked. Was it warm or cold? How did the environment change over time?" says Anton Hansson, PhD student in Quaternary geology at Lund University.


9,000-year-old Elk antler pick axe. Source: Video screenshot / Lund University Changes in the sea level have allowed the findings to be preserved deep below the surface of Hanö Bay in the Baltic Sea. The researchers have drilled into the seabed and radiocarbon dated the core, as well as examined pollen and diatoms. They have also produced a bathymetrical map that reveals depth variations. "These sites have been known, but only through scattered finds. We now have the technology for more detailed interpretations of the landscape," says Anton Hansson. "If you want to fully understand how humans dispersed from Africa, and their way of life, we also have to find all their settlements. Quite a few of these are currently underwater, since the sea level is higher today than during the last glaciation. Humans have always prefered coastal sites," concludes Hansson.



Publication: A submerged Mesolithic lagoonal landscape in the Baltic Sea, south-eastern Sweden – Early Holocene environmental reconstruction and shore-level displacement based on a multiproxy approach

Top image: Discoveries indicate mass fishing and therefore a semi-permanent settlement. Credit: Arne Sjöström

This article, originally titled ‘ Underwater Stone Age settlement mapped out’ , was published by Lund University.