April 8
217 Roman Emperor Caracalla was
assassinated, and succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius
Macrinus.
1093 The new Winchester Cathedral was dedicated by Walkelin.
1364 Charles V crowned King of
France. He led France in recovery from the devastation of the first part of the
Hundred Years' War.
December
3
1368 Charles VI of France was born. Known as "Mad" and as
"Well-Beloved," Charles had a long reign during which he remained
primarily a figurehead because of his occasional fits of madness.
1468 Lorenzo
the Magnificent and his brother Giuliano succeeded their father, Piero de
Medici, as rulers of Florence, Italy.
1586 Sir Thomas Herriot introduced potatoes to England,
from Colombia.
1621 Galileo invented the telescope.
November 3
1394 Jews
were expelled from France by Charles VI.
1468 Liège was sacked by Charles I of
Burgundy's troops.
1470 Edward V, King of England was born.
1507 Leonardo da
Vinci was commissioned to paint the Mona Lisa.
1529 London - first sitting of
the Reformation Parliament.
1534 English Parliament accepts the Act of
Supremacy: Henry VIII is head of the Church of England.
Sept 18
53 Roman Emperor Trajan was born.
96 Marcus Nerva
was proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian was assassinated.
324 Constantine
the Great decisively defeated Licinius in the Battle of Chrysopolis,
establishing Constantine's sole control over the Roman Empire. 1
180 Philip
Augustus became king of France. Philip was one of the most successful medieval
French monarchs in expanding the royal demesne and the influence of the
monarchy. He broke up the great Angevin Empire (an area stretching from the
Pyrenees to Ireland ruled by the Angevin Plantagenet dynasty during the 12th
and early 13th centuries) and defeated a coalition of his rivals (German,
Flemish and English) at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214.
Sept 10
1167 Empress
Matilda died. Daughter of King Henry I, widow of Holy Roman Emperor Henry V,
and mother of King Henry II, Matilda (also known as Maud) engaged in a civil
war with Stephen of Blois over the crown of England.
1419 John the Fearless,
Duke of Burgundy was assassinated by adherents of the Dauphin, the future
Charles VII of France.
1547 The Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, the last full scale
military confrontation between England and Scotland, resulted in a decisive
victory for the forces of Edward VI.
August
21
1165 Philip II (Philip Augustus) the first king of the Capetian dynasty in
France was born.
1689 The Battle of Dunkeld in Scotland was fought between
Jacobite clans supporting the deposed king James VII of Scotland and a
government regiment of covenanters supporting William of Orange, King of
Scotland, in the streets around Dunkeld Cathedral, Dunkeld, Scotland, and
formed part of the Jacobite rising commonly called Dundee's rising in Scotland.
May 27
366 Procopius, Roman usurper against Valens, and
member of the Constantinian dynasty was executed.
1153 Malcolm IV became King
of Scotland.
1199 King John I of England crowned.
1328 King Philip VI of France
crowned.
1564 John Calvin, one of the dominant figures of the Protestant
Reformation, died in Geneva.
May 12
254 Pope Stephen I succeeded Pope Lucius I as the 23rd
pope. He was beheaded while celebrating
Mass during Emperor Valerian's persecution of Christians.
1191 Richard I of
England married Berengaria of Navarre.
1215 English barons served an ultimatum
on King John.
1264 The Battle of Lewes, between King Henry III of England and
the rebel Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, began.
1588 King Henry III
fled Paris after Henry of Guise triumphantly entered the city.
1641 Thomas
Wentworth, chief advisor to Charles I, was beheaded in the Tower of London.
March
21
47 BC, Julius Caesar defeated Ptolemy XII, Cleopatra's brother and rival,
at Alexandria, Egypt, thus restoring Cleopatra to the throne.
630 Byzantine
emperor Heraclius restored the True Cross to Jerusalem.
717 Battle of Vincy
between Charles Martel and Ragenfrid who returned defeated to Neustria. Instead of following the army immediately, Charles again used tactics he would use all
his remaining life, in a career of absolute success. He took time to rally more
men and prepare, before descending in full force. He chose where to provoke
them to battle, and, at a place and time of his choosing, in Spring 717,
Charles eventually followed them and dealt them a serious blow at Vincy on 21
March. He chased the fleeing king and mayor to Paris..
1152 Annulment of the marriage
of King Louis VII of France and Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine. Eleanor retained
control of Aquitaine and shortly thereafter wed Henry Plantagenet, who would
become the next king of England.
1413 Henry V crowned King of England.
1474
Saint Angela Merici, founder of the Ursulines, was born.
1556 The first
Protestant archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, was burned at the stake
for heresy.
February 27,
280
Constantine I (The Great) was born.
380 Roman emperor Theodosius declared the
orthodoxy of the Nicene Creed, and made Christianity the sole religion of the
empire.
837 The 15th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
1560 The
Treaty of Berwick, which expelled the French from Scotland, was signed by
England and the Congregation of Scotland.
1594 Henry IV was crowned King of
France
