On September 26 1143 Celestine II became Pope. A friend of Peter Abelard, Celestine was a scholar whose pontificate only lasted six months. In 1580, Francis Drake completed the first circumnavigation of the globe by an Englishman when he sailed into Plymouth and in 1687 The Parthenon in Athens, unscathed since 432 BC, was severely damaged by a gunpowder explosion.
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