On August 12
30 BC Cleopatra VII Philopator, the last ruler of the
Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty, committed suicide, allegedly by means of an asp
bite.
1099 First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon: Crusaders under the command of
Godfrey of Bouillon defeated Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is
considered the last engagement of the First Crusade.
1164 Battle of Harim: Nur
ad-Din Zangi defeated the Crusader armies of the County of Tripoli and the
Principality of Antioch.
1332 Battle of Dupplin Moor was fought between supporters of David II, infant son of Robert the Bruce and rebels supporting the Balliol claim, and is a significant battle of the Second War of Scottish Independence.
1336 England's King Edward III ended wool export to Flanders.
1480 Battle of Otranto - Ottoman troops beheaded 800 Christians for refusing to convert to Islam.
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