394 Theodosius reunited the entire Roman Empire for the last time with victory at the Battle of Frigidus.
1198 Philips van Zwaben Hohenstaufen crowned king of Roman Catholic Germany.
1316 John XXII the second Roman Catholic pope to reside in Avignon, France rather than Rome, was crowned.
1548 Catherine Parr, sixth wife of Henry VIII, died.
1557 Bishop Stephen Gardiner was imprisoned; he remained in the Tower of London for most of the reign of Edward VI.
1550 William Cecil (Lord Chancellor to Queen Elizabeth I) appointed himself English minister of foreign affairs.
1590 Alexander Farnese's army forced Henry IV of France to raise the lengthy siege of Paris that it had been placed under by Huguenots and Royalists loyal to Henry IV.
1666 Great Fire of London ended: 10,000 buildings including St. Paul's Cathedral were destroyed, but only 16 people were known to have died.
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