331 BC, Alexander the Great defeated Persian emperor Darius III in the Battle of Arbela in Mesopotamia in one of the fifteen decisive battles of history.
959 Edgar, King of the Mercians and Northumbrians, became King of the West Saxons and was then considered to be King of all England.
1189 Gerard de Ridefort, grandmaster of the Knights Templar since 1184, was killed in the Siege of Acre.
1207 Henry III was born. King of England 1216-1264, his 56-year reign was one of the longest in history. The building of the Westminster Abbey was his most enduring moment.
1404 Boniface IX died. The second pope in Rome during the Western Schism, Boniface was unable to end the breach and increased hostility with his attempts to raise money in order to combat the antipopes.
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